Integumentary System

 I. Functions of the integument.
            A. Protection from abrasion
            B. Thermoregulation
            C. Protection from dehydration
            D. Protection from infection
            E. Provides shape to body
            F. Provides frictional surfaces
            G. Sensory structure
            H. Protection from u.v. light
            I. Calcium metabolism.

II. Structure of integument.
            A. Epidermis
                        1. Stratum germinativum (= S. basale)
                        2. Stratum spinosum
                        3. Stratum granulosum
                        4. Statum lucidum
                        5. Stratum corneum
            B. Sources of pigment
                        1. Melanin
                        2. Carotene
                        3. Hemoglobin
                        4. Albinism
            C. Dermis
                        1. Components of dermis
                                    a. Nerves and sensory endings
                                    b. Blood vessels
                                    c. Smooth muscle
                                    d. Glands
                                                1) Sebaceous glands
                                                2) sudoriferous glands
                                                            a) Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands
                                                            b) Apocrine sweat glands
                                    e. Two layers
                                                1) Papillary layer
                                                2) Reticular layer
            D. Hypodermis

III. Epidermal derivatives
            A. Hair
            B. Nails
            C. Mammary glands
            D. Ceruminous glands

IV. Miscellaneous functions of skin
            A. Temperature regulation
                        1. Too hot
                        2. Too cold
            B. Vitamin D production 

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