4th-quiz-study

Couldn't confirm presence of Flash 8 or higher because JavaScript was disabled.Get FlashI really do have Flash installed.ul{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;list-style-type:none;padding-left:20px;}1. Over-exploitation of a resource such as populations of trees in a forest or fish in the sea occurs when the

[ ] the recruitment rate is greater than the harvest rate.

[ ] the harvest rate is greater than the recruitment rate.

[ ] harvest rate is the same the recruitment rate.

[ ] the recruitment rate is 1/3 per year.

2. Presently the greatest cause of biodiversity loss is _________________.

[ ] global warming

[ ] pesticide contamination

[ ] habitat loss

[ ] farming

[ ] pollution

3. The wood thrush makes its nest in woodlands in the northern and eastern United States. As patches of woods become smaller, increasing numbers of wood thrush nests have eggs laid in them by the brown-headed cowbird. Cowbirds live in open fields and are nest parasites; the female cowbird flies up to an unattended nest, quickly lays an egg in another bird's nest, and leaves the host parents to raise their "adopted" young. Wood thrushes are decreasing in numbers because

[ ] pollution of the open fields has caused a change in cowbird behavior

[ ] cowbirds are an invasive species that is rapidly increasing

[ ] overharvesting in the open fields has driven the cowbirds into the woodlands

[ ] habitat fragmentation makes it easier for cowbird parasitism to occur

[ ] climate change is reducing nest site availability

4. The first national park was ________.

[ ] Yellowstone

[ ] Yosemite

[ ] General Grant

[ ] Sequoia

[ ] Mount Rainier

5. Clear-cutting ________.

[ ] restricts timber harvesting to mountaintops

[ ] is a form of violent protest favored by radical environmental organizations

[ ] removes all trees from an area

[ ] involves elimination of subsidies to farmers

[ ] is harvesting trees from coastal areas only

6. Wilderness areas ________.

[ ] were set up under the administration of George W. Bush in the early 2000s

[ ] are biosphere reserves managed by UNESCO

[ ] are off-limits to development of any kind but are open to low-impact recreation

[ ] were set up under the wise-use movement of the 1980s and 1990s

[ ] allow hunting as long as proper permits are acquired

7. Forests reach their greatest ecological complexity when ________.

[ ] they are frequently burned

[ ] in the early stages of recovering from logging

[ ] they are mature and exhibit a multi-level canopy

[ ] shrubs and other ground cover plants are absent

[ ] they are frequently logged using clearcutting

8. An LD50 indicates the ________.

[ ] lowest dose required to cure the entire population

[ ] lowest dose that kills 50 out of 1000 members of the population

[ ] amount of toxicant it takes to kill half the population

[ ] lowest dose required to cure half of the population

[ ] lowest dose that kills any member of the population

9. Concentrations of methyl mercury are higher in large fish relative to concentration in the air. This is best described as ________.

[ ] distillation

[ ] bioaccumulation

[ ] toxification

[ ] biomagnification

[ ] synergism

10. Mercury is not readily excreted; it is stored in mammalian body tissues. This is best described as ________.

[ ] synergism

[ ] distillation

[ ] bioaccumulation

[ ] biomagnification

[ ] toxification

11. The effect of rising rates of consumption of minerals will ________.

[ ] have the smallest effect on the price of lead, zinc and copper, but largest for titanium

[ ] increase the lifetime of economically recoverable mineral deposits

[ ] force prices lower as nations compete for limited resources

[ ] make prices higher as nations complete for limited resources

[ ] have no effect on price

12. Earthquakes are likely to occur ________.

[ ] at the boundaries of igneous and sedimentary rock

[ ] as a result of volcanic activity

[ ] along tectonic plate boundaries where there is movement

[ ] where the mantle and the crust make contact

13. The darker blue water in this lake is ____________.

[ ] warm and high in oxygen

[ ] cold, denser and lacking oxygen

[ ] part of the littoral zone

[ ] penetrated by sunlight

14. An artesian well occurs when ________.

[ ] granite is overlain by a sandy substrate, allowing percolation into the aquifer

[ ] an aquifer is trapped under pressure between two layers that are less permeable

[ ] there are several aquifers that have merged

[ ] a well is dug through layers of sand and gravel into the water table

15. Humans use freshwater primarily for ________.

[ ] washing and home use

[ ] mining and industrial processes

[ ] agricultural irrigation

[ ] drinking and cooking

16. Pathogens and waterborne diseases enter drinking water supplies from ________.

[ ] poorly treated wastewater or from feed lots

[ ] upwelling

[ ] pesticides entering groundwater

[ ] oil and chemical spills

[ ] excess nitrogen and phosphorus as agricultural runoff

17. In a municipal water treatment plant, the primary treatment step consists of ________.

[ ] stirring the sewage to increase oxidation

[ ] chlorinating the sewage

[ ] letting sewage sit in large tanks so suspended solids settle out

[ ] adding bacteria to the sewage

18. Overpumping groundwater in coastal areas (e.g. St. Petersburg, Florida) can cause ________ to move into aquifers, making the water undrinkable.

[ ] untreated sewage

[ ] suspended solids

[ ] VOCs

[ ] hard water ions

[ ] salt water

19. Currently, the greatest ecological crisis facing marine food webs is ________.

[ ] overharvesting

[ ] oil spills

[ ] abandoned fishing nets

[ ] plastic dumping

20. The figure shows that ________.

[ ] peak ozone levels in the stratosphere correlates with rising temperature

[ ] ozone concentration reaches its highest level in the Thermosphere

[ ] temperature increases uniformly throughout the atmosphere

[ ] the mesosphere and troposphere are at the same altitude

[ ] temperature decreases uniformly throughout the atmosphere

21. Tropospheric ozone ________.

[ ] is produced through the interaction of heat and UV light, with nitrogen oxides and carbon-containing compounds

[ ] binds with hemoglobin, preventing binding with oxygen in red blood cells

[ ] is a primary pollutant

[ ] protects Earth from most of the harmful UV radiation

22. One of the problems that occurs as a consequence of CFC pollution is ________.

[ ] respiratory irritation and lung cancer

[ ] eutrophication

[ ] increasing skin cancer in humans

[ ] movement of toxins into lakes and rivers, which poisons fish

[ ] damage to human red blood cells

23. The Montreal Protocol ________.

[ ] resulted in significant reduction in the production of CFCs by signatory nations

[ ] developed the international treaty for eliminating radon emissions from nuclear power plants

[ ] addressed transnational movement of acid-forming pollutants

[ ] is an exampled of a failed attempt to reduce international air pollution

[ ] developed the framework for reduction of carbon dioxide in the US and Canada

24. Near the equator, the patterns of convection currents are called ________.

[ ] Coriolis cells

[ ] El Niño events

[ ] the troposphere

[ ] Hadley cells

25. An temperature inversion which leads to concentration of local air pollutants causes the air to look brown if there are higher levels of ________ in the air or look grey is there are higher levels of ________ in the air.

[ ] sulfur dioxide.......nitrogen oxides

[ ] carbon monoxide.......lead

[ ] sulfur dioxide.......VOCs

[ ] nitrogen oxides.......lead

[ ] nitrogen oxides.......sulfur dioxide