General Considerations:
1) Review all of your laboratory handouts.
2) Make a list of all of the terms, with the appropriate definitions
3) Look at the  slide shows online.
4) Quiz yourself: can you identify each feature?  What is it's function?
5) Remember the extra materials that were presented at the back of the room.  What did you see?  Why did we give you those specimens to look at?

Plant Tissues
1.  Idenfiy the following from a red onion fresh mount:  cell wall, nucleus, plasma membrane (only after plasmolyzed), plasmodesmata.
2.  What is the function of the cell wall?  nucleus? plasma membrane? plasmodesmata?
3.  What are the small green spheres in the Elodea plant wet mount seen at 100X?  What is their function?
4.  In the wet mount of red pepper epidermis, what are the small red spheres seen at 1000X (your max would be 400 X, or high dry, but you can still see them)?
5.  In the Tilia stem cross section, the refractile crystals found in some cells in the cortex and pith are called what?  6. What is the function of the crystals in #5?
7.  What is the cell called in which the crystals are held?
8.  In the Dieffenbachia, the needle like crystals found in ground leaf tissue are called what?  What is their function?

Mosses and Ferns
1.  Be able to identify the following structure in a moss plant:  gametophyte (rhizoids, leafy shoot); sporophyte (seta, capsule, sporangium, calyptra, operculum, peristome teeth)
2.  In the thin section through the moss antheridium, be able to differentiate between spermatogenous cells and mature sperm.  What is the ploidy of the sperm?
3.  Be able to identify the following in a moss archegonium: egg, canal cells, neck cells, venter cells.
4.  In ferns be able to identify the following structures: lamina, axillary bud, petiole, leaflet or pinule, rachis.  How do you tell if a leaf is entire or pinnate?
5.  Given a whole fern blade, what are the round dots on the underside?  Their function?
6.  In a fern leaf cross section be able to identify the following: sorous, indusium, sporangium, spore
7.  The fern sporangium has a spring-like apparatus that helps to "fling" the spores when conditions are right.  What is it called?
8.  The small fern prothallus is a sporophyte or a gametophyte?  What is it's ploidy?
9.  On #8, where would you find the archegonia, rhizoids, antheridia?  What are the functions of each?

Seed Plants
1.  What is the largest class of the gymnosperms?  What is the division called?
2.  Monocots are in what class?  Dicots are in what class?
3.  What sex is the staminate cone?  Ovulate cone?
4.  For the Pine ovulate cone,  identify the megastrobilus, megasporophyll, megasprangium, ovule, integument.
5.  For the pine staminate cone, identify the microsporophyll, microsporangium, and pollen grains.  What is destinctive about pine pollen?
6.  The Peruvian lilly is in what genus?  What class?  How do you place (what are the key characters) that flower in that class?
7.  What are the serial components of the flower (layers of sepals, petals,  male and female parts)?
8.  What are the parts to the stamen?  Pistil?
9.  Be able to identify the components of a germinating pollen grain: pollen tube, sperm nucleii.
10.  Be able to identify the components of the lily ovary: carpel, ovule, integument, nucellus, funiculus.

Seeds and Fruits
1.  What are the parts of a bean seed that can be seen when the soaked bean is split (coat, cotyledon, shoot, root, Hilum, micropyle, raphe, hypocotyl)?
2.  What is endosperm in the corn grain?  What polysaccharide makes up a large portion of the corn endosperm?  How many cotyledons are there? Is the "parts list" the same for beans and corn?  How are they different?
3. If you are looking at a fruit, what is its composition (true or accessory)?
4.  What is the fruit's texture?  If dry, distinguish between achenes, caryopsis, nuts, samaras, legumes.
5.  If the fruit is fleshy, distinguish between berries, pepos, hesperidiums, drupes and pomes.

Roots & Leaves
1.  The apical meristem of a root develops three primary meristem tissues.  To the outside: ________, to the inside: ________, between the 2 layers: ___________.  Each of these tissues develop into what?  What is the function of the root cap and where is it found?
2.  What is the function of root hairs in a vascular plant?
3.  What is a protostele?  What does it look like?  What cell types are in this structure?
4.  Identify in a close-up of a protostele, the following cell types: endodermis, pericycle, phloem, xylem.  What is the function of each?
5.  What does a palmately compound leaf look like?  How can you tell leaves from leaflets?
6.  What does a stomate look like?  What cells surround it?  What is the function?
7.  How can you tell which side of the leaf is "up" on a cross section?
8.  How are a monocot and dicot leaf different in cross section?  Describe vascular bundles morphology including bundle sheath cells and different types of mesophyll.
9.  What is the difference between a tap root and a fibrous root system?

Stems
1.  The long section through a growing bud (stem tip) of Coleus showed a dark staining portion called the apical meristem.  What primary meristems does that region develop into?  What are the small dark staining tissues between the developing leaf and stem?
2.  Be able to identify the following regions in a cross section of the dicot Rununculus stem: epidermis, cortex, vascular bundle, interfasicular parenchya, pith, fiber. What is function of each?  How is the monocot, Zea mays different?
3.  What the vascular cambium form to the outside.  To the inside?
4.  Where would you find suberin?  What is its function?