Reference Format:  ENVS Senior Seminar

• Refer to the grading rubric for paper format.

• References within the body of the text:
• Any Reference:  book, journal or edited work
• 1 author
• General: at the end of the sentence paraphrasing a particular research study (Author's last name, year of publication). Note:  period goes at the end of the citation.
• Example:  In the assessment of stream restoration success, most monitoring studies lack sufficient time to establish functionality (Smith, 1992).
• 2 authors
• General:  use last names of the authors and the year of the publication.
• Example:  In studies of wolf depredation it is difficult to tell, unless the wolf was actually seen, whether the death of livestock was due to predation or other causes (Bennett and Cannon, 1982).
• 3 authors
• general:  use the first author's name, el al. and the year.
• Example:  Red algae dominate the summer flora of the Chincoteague (Jewett-Smith, et. al, 2002).
• References in the literature cited section:  Follow that of the Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics

• Book Reference
• General:  Author last name.  Initials. (add authors as necessary, be sure to include them all.  Et al is not used in the literature cited section)  Year.  Title of publication in italics. City and publisher.  Total number of pages of the publication.
• Example:  Adami C. 1998. Artificial Life VI. Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Artif. Life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 498 pp.
• Journal Article Reference
• General:  Author last name.  Initials. (other authors) . . Year.  Title of article.  Title of journal in italics.  Volume number: page start - page finish.
• Example:  Bull JJ, Jacobson A, Badgett MR, Molineux IJ.  1998.  Viral escape from antisense RNA.  Mol. Microbiol. 28:835-46.
• Article in conference proceedings or edited compilation
• General:  Author last name. Initials.  (other authors) . . Year.  Title of chapter or article.  In (the name of the publication in italics).  Editors. Pages in the publication.  City and publisher.
• Example:  Baker CS, Palumbi SR. 1996.  Population structure, molecular systematics, and forensic identification of whales and dolphins.  In Conservation Genetics:  Case Histories from Nature, ed. JC Avise, JL Hamrick, pp. 10 -49.  New York: Chapman & Hall.