1.  Be able to recognize the definitions for the following terms.

Abyssal plain
ATP
Bathyal
Benthic
Biomagnification
Biosphere
Chemoautotroph
Consumer
Continental shelf
Continental slope
DDT
Decomposer
Dendritic
Ecosystem
Epifauna
Estuarine
Gross primary productivity
Hadal
Holoplankton
Hydrosphere
Infauna
Kinetic energy
Lacustrine
Laws of thermodynamics
Lentic
Limnetic
Lithosphere
Littoral
Lotic
Meroplankton
Nekton
Net primary productivity
Neuston
Oceanic ridge
Palustrine
Pelagic:epi-, meso-bathy
Photic
Photoautotroph
Phytoplankton
Potential energy
Producer
Profundal
Riffle
Riverine
Stratosphere
Swamp
Thermal stratification
Thermosphere
Trench
Troposphere

Characteristics and common name of the following.
Nymphaea odorata
Nuphar microphylla
Myriophyllum
Pontederia cordata
Typha angustifolia

Questions:
1. What are the major determinants of aquatic ecosystems?
2. Describe the features of a typical river from headwaters to mouth.
3. What are the major freshwater ecosystems of the Poconos?
4. What are the ecosystem services provided by wetlands?
5. Describe the Hydrothermal Vent Community.  Include the source of energy, the primary producers (scientific names), grazers/filter feeders, symbionts.
6. What adaptations do rat-trap fish have for deep-sea predation?
7. Why are decomposers so important?
8. Describe the hydrological cycle including evaporation, evapotranspiration, precipitation, percolation, interception.
9. Describe the following cycles: oxygen, CO2, Nitrogen (fixation, mineralization, nitrification, denitrification), sulfur, phosphorus.  Be sure to include sources and sinks.
10.  What factors are causing more wildfires, and more expensive fires, particularly in the Western US?  What can be done to alleviate this?  (***This will be a 20 point question.. so be sure to have about 20 facts.  If you didn’t take good notes on this, a quick check of the following website will help: www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/fire/