Diversity
of Life
1. What is an individual?
-
Easy to define
- single celled protist: ___________________________
animal: ___________________________
plant: ______________________________
-
Hard to define
-
clonal animals
___________________________
-
conal
plants ___________________________
2. Figure 1.7 from Text:
Examples of a unitary and a modular organism
3.
Population = ___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
Characteristics
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
Autecology: ___________________________
4. Community = populations
that occur together
-
Limits?
-
Named ___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
Highly variable:
___________________________
-
___________________________
5. Picture of Crescent
Lake:
What communities do you see here?
6. Pictures: Pitcher
plants in Tannersville Cranberry Bog and forest floor with wintergreen
plants.
7. Ecosystem:
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
Time + evolutionary process =
___________________________
8. Species
concept:
___________________________
-
How are organisms separate (=isolated)?
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
-
___________________________
9. Figure 1.8. A
comparison
of cladistic and phylogenetic analysis.
10. Figure 1.9.
The 6 kingdoms and their evolutionary relationships
11.
Archaea = Archaebacteria
- ___________________________
- ___________________________
- ___________________________
- ___________________________
- ___________________________
- Grow in extreme environments
- ___________________________
- ___________________________
- ___________________________
- Table 1.7 - Kingdom Archaea
- methanogens _______________________________
- thermoacidophiles ___________________________
- halophiles __________________________________
- Photograph: Large Thermal Feature, Yellowstone NP, Wyoming
- Photograph: Extreme halophiles used to separate salt from seawater
12.
Bacteria: ___________________________________________
- ___________________________________________
- ___________________________________________
- ___________________________________________
- ___________________________________________
- ___________________________________________
- ___________________________________________
- ___________________________________________
- Table 1.8: Kingdom Bacteria (group, examples, key features)
- Actinomycetes: ___________________________________________
- Cyanobacteria: ___________________________________________
- Enterobacteria: ___________________________________________
- Photographs of shapes: http://www.as.ysu.edu/~crcooper/BacterialTypes.jpg
- ___________________________________________
- ___________________________________________
- ___________________________________________
- Rhizobium:
__________________________________________________
- Anabaena: _____________________________
13.
Protista = Protoctista
- ___________________________________________
- Endosymbiosis: ___________________________________________
- ___________________________________________
- Highly diverse: ___________________________________________
14. Table 1.9: Kingdom
Protista
- Focus on following Phyla & Key features
- Chlorophyta: ___________________________________________
- Bacillariophyta: ___________________________________________
- Acrasiomycota:___________________________________________
- Ciliophora:___________________________________________
15. Light micrographs -
Diatom Diversity: many shapes in glass
16. Light micrograph
- Aulacoseira sp. - Filamentous diatom from Pocono Creek
17. Light micrograph
- Volvox: mothers & daughters
18: Light
micrographs:
Chlorophyta from Pocono Creek
- Mougeotia sp.
- Stigeoclonium sp.
19. Light micrograph -
Protozoan
with a gut full of algae
20. Light micrograph
and drawing of Paramecium
21.
Fungi
- Absorptive nutrition:
________________________________________
- ________________________________________________________
- ________________________________________________________
- ________________________________________________________
<>>
22. Table 1.11: Kingdom
Fungi - focus on following Phyla (examples & key features)
- <><>Ascomycota: ____________________________________________________>>
- <><>Deuteromycota: ><>_________________________________________________>>
- Basidiomycota:__________________________________________________
- Zygomycota:__________________________________________________
23. Graphic:
Examples of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
24.
Photos: Ascomycota
(scarlet cup ascocarps, truffles and morel mushroom)
25. Photos: Basidiomycota
(toadstool, shelf fungus, Stinkhorn)
26. Common Pocono Fungi - Fig.
3.27: O&H
27. Kingdom Plantae
- Characterized by evolutionary
adaptations to terrestrial living
- Reproductive:
_________________________________________
- Vascular tissue: _________________________________________
- Seed habit: _________________________________________
- Flowers: _________________________________________
28. Table 1.10:
Kingdom Plantae
Focus on the following
Divisions
(= Phyla): examples and key features
- Bryophyta: _________________________________________
- Coniferophyta: _________________________________________
- Pterophyta: _________________________________________
- Anthophyta: _________________________________________
29.
Photograph: Bryophyta
= mosses Polytrichum commune
- gametophyte_________________________________________
- sporophyte_________________________________________
30.
Photograph: Sphagnum
- moss that can engineer an environment
31.
Photograph:
Sphagnum is an important component of the Tannersville Cranberry Bog
32. Pocono Fern
Allies:
Figure 3.22: O & H
33. Photo:
Lycophyta:
club mosses or ground pines
- Diphasiastrum sp.
- Lycopodium sp.
34. Photo ->
Sphenophyta:
horsetails - Equisetum
35. Figure 3.22 O
&
H - Pocono Ferns: Pterophyta
36. Photo of forest
floor "sun-spot".
Ferns are an important
part
of the Pocono forest’s understory
37. Anthophyta:
examples
of Pocono trees
Photographs of the
following:
- red oak
- tulip poplar
- muscle wood
38. Pocono
herbacious vascular
plants. Photos of the following:
- boneset
- sweetfern
- pearly everlasting
39. Kingdom Animalia
-
_________________________________________
-
_________________________________________
-
_________________________________________
-
_________________________________________
- Have Hox genes that
regulate
development
_________________________________________
40. Table 1.12:
Kingdom
Animalia - focus on following phyla: examples & key features
- Porifera: _________________________________________
- Arthropoda: _________________________________________
- Echinodermata: _________________________________________
- Chordata: _________________________________________
41. Insects: _________________________________________
Graphic: Plecoptera:
Stoneflies (Pteronarcys sp.) From Merrit & Cummins, 1996.
42. Graphic of predatory
fish: pike. How does this organism live: form follows function?
_________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________
43. Graphic:
Fish characteristic
of riffles in PA: O & H p. 134
44. Photographs: black
bear, squirrel, Canada goose, students in forest.
45. Figure 1.10 in Jones:
Eukaryotic Life History Strategies
- zygotic meiosis: characteristic
of
____________
- sporic meiosis: characteristic
of ____________
- gametic meiosis: characteristic
of ____________